ISLAMABAD: Moody’s Investors Service has predicted that Pakistan’s external debt will grow to $79 billion by June this year, higher than initial estimates suggested, and the country’s weak fiscal strength will weigh in on its ability to afford the ever growing debt burden.
In its latest report, Moody’s Investor Service – the international credit rating agency – said that Pakistan’s challenges include a relatively high general government debt burden, weak physical and social infrastructure, a fragile external payments position and high political risk.
By the end of fiscal year 2016-17, Pakistan’s external debt will increase to $79 billion out of which the public sector component will be $77.7 billion, according to Moody’s. The forecast for the outgoing fiscal year is much higher than what was earlier assessed on the basis of data released by the State Bank of Pakistan.
The central bank had shown total external debt and liabilities at $74.2 billion by the end of December 2016. This included $64.5 billion public external debt. Moody’s report has shown external debt at $64.4 billion by end of fiscal year 2013. If the debt grows to $79 billion, it means that an additional $14.6 billion in debt has been added in the past four years alone.
The PML-N government is facing criticism for increasing the country’s debt burden, which is a direct result of low levels of exports and foreign direct investment. The government’s narrow revenue base weighs on debt affordability and the level of external public debt poses a moderate degree of credit risk, according to the report.
Meanwhile, exports and remittance inflows have slowed and capital goods imports have risen, resulting in renewed pressure on the external account.
Moody’s assessed Pakistan’s fiscal strength at negative “(-) Very Low”, which it said was hindering debt affordability and increases the debt burden. It said Pakistan’s limited tax base restricts its fiscal space, while low savings and shallow capital markets hinder stable domestic financing of sizeable budget deficits.
“Very Low (-)” score is below the indicative score of “Very Low”, which reflects that the material foreign currency portion of outstanding government debt (about 30% of total debt) exposes the government’s balance sheet to greater foreign exchange rate risks than currently captured by scorecard metrics,” it said.
The government’s debt burden has steadily increased in the past four years from 63.5% of GDP to 66.5%, Moody’s said. “At 66.5% of GDP, the debt stock is higher than the 52.6% median for B-rated sovereigns and remains a constraint on Pakistan’s fiscal strength,” it added.
Moody’s has retained Pakistan’s position at B3 rating. “Approximate 30% of foreign currency debt does expose the sovereign (Pakistan) to marked changes in the cost of refinancing debt should the currency weaken abruptly,” according to the report. Debt affordability metrics, which include interest payments as a percentage of revenues and GDP, have been high in Pakistan relative to the median for B-rated sovereigns, which is a key constraint on the sovereign credit rating.
The credit rating agency acknowledged that Pakistan was addressing this weakness by lengthening debt maturities, through increasing the share of permanent debt and reducing that of floating debt. However, it said that foreign remittances have so far declined 2.4% and “if remittances continue to decline, it would likely have a negative credit impact by dampening consumption and widening the current account deficit”.
Moody’s has also assessed Pakistan’s susceptibility to event risk as “High,” driven by political risks and government liquidity risks stemming from high gross borrowing needs, due to the government’s large rollover requirements.
It said that large fiscal deficits and a reliance on short-term debt have contributed to very high gross borrowing requirements, which is a key rating constraint. At 32% of GDP, Pakistan’s gross borrowing need in 2017 is the largest among all rated sovereigns, after Egypt.
Moody’s has also projected higher budget deficit for the outgoing fiscal year. “We expect that the fiscal deficit will widen further to about 4.7% of GDP in fiscal year 2017 and 5% in FY 2018 despite the government’s intention to advance fiscal consolidation.”
In addition, the need to increase development spending – particularly related to CPEC power infrastructure investments – combined with political pressure to maintain power subsidies in advance of the 2018 general election, will likely weigh on the deficit, it added.
